The little creatures that live in our parks and gardens

The monuments managed by the Centre des monuments nationaux are not merely witnesses to history: they are also living spaces, where a rich variety of flora and fauna find refuge. Gardens, ramparts, ruins and parks all provide favourable habitats for numerous species. These sites thus become veritable reservoirs of biodiversity, where cultural and natural heritage coexist closely.

Throughout France, these protected areas provide ideal habitats for a wide variety of animal and plant species, actively contributing to the conservation of local ecosystems. Some monuments are even home to species of high ecological interest, which interact with the architecture and landscapes in unique ways.

Recognising the importance of this issue, the Cmn pursues an active policy of biodiversity conservation. In partnership with specialist organisations, it carries out inventories, scientific monitoring and implements ecological management practices. From the falconry at the Château d’Angers to the wild orchids found on its ramparts, every monument harbours remarkable biodiversity that must be protected alongside other forms of heritage.

At the same time, a rich cultural programme – including themed tours, educational workshops, events and participatory activities – raises public awareness of environmental issues and encourages a more respectful approach to our natural heritage.

In recent years, several historic monuments have undergone in-depth environmental assessments. These include the Château d’Aulteribe, the Domaine national de Saint-Cloud, the Château d’Angers and the Abbey of Beaulieu-en-Rouergue.

The results are impressive. At the Château d’Angers, 39 species of birds were recorded, including 18 breeding species. The cavities in the ramparts are home to species such as the common swift and the house sparrow, whilst birds of prey such as the kestrel, the peregrine falcon, the tawny owl and the barn owl bear witness to the site’s rich biodiversity. At the ancient site of Glanum, nearly 100 animal species thrive in a mosaic of varied habitats. At the Domaine national de Saint-Cloud, surveys have identified 53 species of birds, as well as amphibians, reptiles and mammals.

Some monuments even benefit from dual protection, particularly when they are situated within a Natura 2000 site, which is essential for endangered species. This is the case with the Château d’If, where nearly 400 species coexist, including around a hundred bird species.

Several sites are also located within Regional National Parks (PNR) and national parks. Finally, several sites are situated within or near ZNIEFFs (Natural Areas of Ecological, Faunistic or Floristic Interest).

The protection of historic monuments plays a key role in preserving biodiversity. By limiting land development and maintaining relatively intact habitats, these sites provide favourable conditions for flora and fauna.

At the Maison de George Sand, the crested newt, a protected species, has been spotted. Meanwhile, the grounds of the Château de Talcy provide a refuge for insects, birds and small mammals thanks to the absence of pesticides. In agricultural landscapes that are sometimes depleted, these areas are becoming essential for maintaining biodiversity.

The diversity of wildlife found at the CMN’s heritage sites manifests itself in many ways. At the Château d’Angers, numerous birds, including birds of prey, inhabit the ramparts and gardens. At the megalithic sites of the Carnac Alignments, eco-grazing with sheep helps to maintain the landscapes whilst promoting biodiversity. In the grounds of the Château de la Motte-Tilly, visitors can observe does roaming freely.

At the Fortress of Salses, bats find refuge within the building’s structures, whilst the numerous ponds and moats found at various monuments are home to fish and amphibians. Even in urban areas, biodiversity makes its presence felt: atthe Hôtel de Sully, a cat is a regular feature of daily life. Finally, at the Domaine national de Saint-Cloud, beehives play an active role in the conservation of pollinators.

National monuments are therefore not static: they are dynamic spaces where life flourishes. By protecting these places, we help to preserve both our cultural heritage and biodiversity. Recognising this living aspect of our heritage means fostering a more sustainable vision, where nature and culture move forward together!